The past century of Jewish thought and theology has undergone, for the most part, more change in style than substance. Given the momentous events of the 1940s, that is surprising. The century from 1820 to 1920, and the rise of denominationalism in western Europe, largely established the axes of modern Judaism along lines relating to halakhah, its authority, and its history. This series will focus on three thinkers who refused to ignore the centrality of the divine in Judaism: Mordecai M. Kaplan, Abraham Joshua Heschel and Arthur Green. While philosophy often explores ideas about existence and meaning in abstract terms, theology insists on grappling directly with the reality of God. In choosing to focus on theology, this series highlights thinkers for whom the divine was not an idea to be dissected but a presence to be encountered.