Today’s agunah is often held by a living husband who refuses a get out of anger or for leverage. In this session, we will explore both modern and traditional responses to this challenge: the halachic prenuptial agreement now common in many communities, communal and rabbinical pressure on recalcitrant spouses, and renewed scholarly examination of historical mechanisms such as mi’un and retroactive annulment. Together, these approaches reflect ongoing efforts to address one of the most difficult issues in Jewish family law.